Method of making fastener with snap-on captive locking ring



Ot. 8, 1968 ROSAN ET AL 3,404,415

METHOD OF MAKING FASTENER WITH SNAP-ON CAPTIVE LOCKING RING Original Filed Sept. 16, 1964 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 llllll irkwa W I U q.

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Jas P0547 MAQV/A/ ,Qz-cs @WQA Oct. 8, 1968 .1. ROSAN AL METHOD OF MAKINGFASTENER WITH SNAP-ON CAPTIVE LOCKING RING origi al Filed Sept. 16, 19644 Sheets-Sheet 2 K b 5 5 my m W QW Q 4 t: V JM Oct. 8, 1968 METHOD OFMAKING FASTENER WITH 'SNAPON CAPTIVE LOCKING RING Original Filed Sept.16, 1964 I J. ROSAN T 3,404,415

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mvENjoRs. c7055 A 054 MIQV/A )QfECE United States Patent 3,404,415METHOD OF MAKING FASTENER WITH SNAP-ON CAPTIVE LOCKING RING Jos Rosan,San Juan Capistrano, and Marvin P. Reece, Dana Point, Calif., assignorsto Rosan Engineering Corp., Newport Beach, California, a corporation ofCalifornia Original application Sept. 16, 1964, Ser. No. 396,867, nowPatent No. 3,259,163, dated July 5, 1966. Divided and this applicationJan. 18, 1966, Ser. No. 521,355

8 Claims. (CI. 1086) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relatesto improvements in making fastener having serrations on the periphery ofthe body thereof and having an associated captive locking ringinterconnected therewith, said locking ring being temporarily rigidlysecured to said fastener body and being in axial slidable engagementwith the serrated portion thereof. The locking ring has serrationsformed about the outer and inner periphery thereof as well as means forinternesting with cooperating means formed in association withserrations on the exterior of the fastener body.

This application is a division of application for US. Letters Patent,Ser. No. 396,867, filed Sept. 16, 1964, now Patent No. 3,259,163,entitled, Fastener With Snapon Captive Locking Ring.

This invention relates to improvements in making fasteners designed forinstallation in bores of relatively softer material. More particularly,the invention concerns a method of making a fastener which includes acylindrical body having a nondisengageable locking ring rigidly attachedthereto but adapted to be axially displaced in a predetermined manner soas to lock said body against rotation relative to a workpiece.

Heretofore, fasteners with locking rings have generally beencharacterized by the fact that the fastener body and locking ring aresupplied and installed as separate components. The fastener body of theconventional fastener is then normally installed in threaded engagementwith a corresponding threaded bore of a workpiece, and a separate ringis then aligned with the fastener body and driven into a counterbore atone end of said bore to lock the fastener body against rotation in thebore. Because the locking rings and fastener bodies are provided asseparate components, the stocking, assembly and installation of theseparate components are expensive, time consuming and laborious taskswhich materially, increase the cost incident to the utilization of suchfasteners.

Having the fastener bodies and locking rings as separate components hasother important disadvantages in that great care is necessary to insurethat the locking ring is properly aligned with the fastener body andsimultaneously properly aligned with the bore in the workpiece.

The present invention comprises a method of making a fastener having ahead and an externally threaded cylindrical body. The periphery of thehead is provided with a plurality of longitudinal serrations which havespaced webs in the roots thereof. The serrated head is engaged by alocking ring which is provided with internal serrations adapted toengage the serrations carried by the head. The locking ring is alsoprovided with a plurality of external serrations on its outer periphery.

The external serrations carried by the locking ring are embedded intothe surface of the workpiece material surrounding the counterbore uponthe application of an axial force thereon, thereby prohibiting rotationof the 3,404,415 Patented Oct. 8, 1968 ice locking ring relative to saidworkpiece. Because of the engagement of the internal serrations carriedby the locking ring with the external longitudinal serrations providedby the fastener head, the fastener body is likewise prohibited fromrotation relative to the workpiece.

The internal serrations carried by the locking ring are provided withinwardly extending projections, which are adapted to be accommodated incavities formed between the spaced webs located in the roots of theserrations provided by the head of the fastener. When the aforesaidprojections are snapped into position in the cavities between the rootwebs, the coaction of the resilience of the material of the locking ringand the nestling of the projections in the cavities, rigidly secures thelocking ring to the serrated head of the fastener. Simultaneously, theinternal serrations of the locking ring are in interengaged alignmentwith the external serrations carried by the serrated fastener head.Thus, the locking ring of the fastener is rigidly and integrallymaintained in a prealigned and predetermined position relative to thefastener body and the bore of the workpiece into which the fastener isto be installed. Consequently, when a downward axial force is applied tothe locking ring, the projections carried by the internal serrations ofthe locking ring are snapped out of engagement with the Webs in theroots of the external serrations of the fastener head, and the ring isthereby axially displaced in a predetermined manner.

Further, when an axial force is applied upon the locking ring so as toembed the ring into the workpiece, it should be noted that the axialdisplacement of the locking ring is independent of the body of thefastener. That is, the body remains stationary and undisturbed while thelocking ring is being driven into locking position. Thus, thepossibility of damage or distortion of the external threads of thefastener or the threads of the bore in the parent material iseliminated.

In an alternate configuration resulting from the practice of thisinvention, the contour of the external peripheral serrations carried bythe fastener head is truncated with the exception of a portion thereofso as to provide an outwardly extending projection on each serration. Inaddition to internal serrations, the locking ring is provided with aninternal annular cavity or groove which is adapted to accommodate theprojections carried by the serrations of the fastener head. The maximumradial diameter of the groove is greater than the maximum diameter ofthe arcuate plane of the roots of the internal serrations so that thegroove extends radially outwardly of said roots. The installation anduse of the alternate configuration is similar to that of the fastenerpreviously described herein.

In yet another embodiment of a fastener resulting from the methoddisclosed in the present invention, the internal serrations of thelocking ring are truncated so that each serration is provided with anoutwardly extending projection. The head of the fastener body which isprovided with the external longitudinal serrations is also provided withan external annular groove or cavity. The radial diameter of thisannular groove is less than the radial diameter of an arcuate planepassing through the roots of the serrations so that the radial depth ofthe groove is greater than the radial height of the serrations. Theelements, installation and use of this embodiment are in all otherrespects the same as the other embodiments of the invention ashereinbefore described.

Still another embodiment of a fastener resulting from the practice ofthis invention is illustrated wherein the external serrations carried bythe head of the fastener body are provided with a radial web positionedin the roots thereof. The locking ring is provided with an internalannular groove or cavity superimposed upon the internal serrationsthereof so that the radial diameter of the groove is less than theradial diameter of the roots of the internal serrations. The annulargroove of the locking ring is adapted to receive and tightly accommodatethe web contained in the roots of the head serrations of the fastenerbody. In all other respects, this embodiment is similar to the otherembodiments previously described herein.

Thus, an important feature of the present invention is that aself-contained unit is provided consisting of a fastener body and alocking ring temporarily rigidly attached to said body, said ring beingsimultaneously prealigned with the fastener body and the bore of theworkpiece.

Accordingly, the principal object of the invention is to provide amethod of making an improved, simple, selfcontained fastener ofinexpensive construction having a locking ring in simultaneousprealigned relationship with the fastener body and workpiece bore, andcapable of being installed and locked into place by inexpensive tools.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of making afastener capable of having the fastener body stationary and undisturbedwhile the locking ring thereof is embedded into locking position so asto prevent damage or distortion to the external threads of the fastenerand to the threads of the bore in the workpiece.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method for making aself-contained, nondisengageable, lockable fastener.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a method for makinga prealigned, nondisengageable, lockable fastener.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent fromthe following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an enlarged, elevational view, partly sectional, of an insertfastener made according to the present invention, showing the fastenerfully threaded prior to locking same into a bore of a workpiece;

FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view of thefastener illustrated in FIG. 1, showing the locking ring prior to axialdisplacement thereof into its locking position;

FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view of thefastener illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, showing the locking ring afteraxial displacement thereof into its locked position;

FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view showing thedetail of the locking ring prior to axial displacement thereof into itslocking position;

FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the locking ring takenon line 55 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, top plan view of the fastenertaken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 4 (the locking ring not shown);

FIG. 7 is an enlarged elevational view, partly sectioned, of a studfastener made according to the principles of the present inventionshowing the stud with a locking ring of the type illustrated in FIGS.15;

FIG. 8 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view illustratinganother embodiment resulting from the method described in the instantinvention showing the locking ring prior to the axial displacementthereof into its locking position;

FIG. 9 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 8 having the locking ringthereof axially displaced into locking engagement with the workpiece;

FIG. 10 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the serrated head ofthe fastener taken on line 1010 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the locking ringtaken on the line 1111 of FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged elevational view, partly sectioned, of a studfastener embodying the principles of the present invention showing thestud with a locking ring of the type illustrated in FIG. 8;

FlG. 13 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional 4 viewillustrating still another embodiment resulting from a practice of themethod described in the present invention, showing the locking ringprior to the axial displacement thereof into its locking position;

FIG. 14 shows the embodiment of FIG. 13 having the locking ring thereofaxially displaced into locking engagement with the workpiece;

FIG. 15 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the serrated head ofthe fastener taken on line 1515 of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the locking ringtaken on line 1616 of FIG. 13;

FIG. 17 is an enlarged, elevational view, partly sectioned, of a studfastener made in accordance with the method described in the presentinvention showing the stud with a locking ring of the type illustratedin FIG. 13 prior to the axial displacement thereof into its lockingposition;

FIG. 18 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view illustratingstill another embodiment resulting from the method disclosed in theinstant invention showing the locking ring prior to the axialdisplacement thereof into its locking position;

FIG. 19 shows the embodiment of FIG. 18 having the locking ring thereofaxially displaced into locking engagement with the workpiece;

FIG. 20 is a greatly enlarged top plan view of the serrated head of thefastener of FIG. 19 taken on line 20-40 thereof;

FIG. 21 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary view of the locking ringtaken on line 2121 of FIG. 18; and

FIG. 22 is an enlarged, elevational view, partly sectioned, of a studfastener made according to the principles of the present inventionshowing the stud with a locking ring of the type illustrated in FIG. 18prior to the axial displacement thereof into its locking position.

Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, numeral 19 designates generally aworkpiece having an outer surface 20. As illustrated, the workpiece 19is formed with a threaded bore 21 extending inwardly from the outersurface 20 and an enlarged cylindrical counterbore 22, extendinginwardly from workpiece surface 20 to a predetermined depth.

The fastener is constructed of any suitable material relatively harderthan the workpiece 19 and is generally identified by the numeral 24,said fastener comprising cylindrical body 25 provided with externalthreads 26 and a threaded bore 27. In FIG. 1 the fastener body 25 isshown threaded into bore 21 of workpiece 19.

The fastener body 25 has an integral head 28 and lon gitudinalserrations 29. Fastener 24 is further provided with a locking ring whichis generally designated by numeral 30. Looking ring 30 has an outwardlyprojecting radial flange 31 which is provided with external serrations32. Locking ring 30 is also provided with a plurality of internallongitudinal serrations 33 having inwardly extending projections 34.

The serrations 29 of head 28 are provided with retainer cavities formedby spaced radial webs 36 and 37 (best shown in FIGS. 24) positioned inthe serration roots 38. The depth and width of web cavities 35 areslightly greater than the radial length and height, respectively, ofprojections 34 carried by locking ring 30.

When looking ring 30 is placed into its first inoperative position sothat projections 34 are nested in cavities 35, projections 34 are snuglyaccommodated in said cavities. Thus, the coaction of the resilience ofthe locking ring material and the snug internesting of projections 34 incavities 35 maintain locking ring 30 in tight association with theserrations 29 of head 28. Webs 36 and 37 are slightly contoured so as tofacilitate the passing of projections 34 thereover upon the applicationof an axial force to locking ring 30. As illustrated in FIG. 1, thelocking ring 30 is seated on surface 20 of workpiece 19 prior to beingaxially displaced into counterbore 22 of the workpiece material 19.

The axial movement of locking ring 30 is restricted by the engagement ofthe serration projections 34 with the root webs 36 and 37 when thelocking ring is in the position shown in FIG. 1. The coaction of rootweb 36 with the serration projections 34 thus prevents axialdisengagement of the locking ring from the fastener body. The engagementof the serration projections 34 with longitudinal serrations 29 offastener body 25 permits only axial movement of the locking ring withrespect to the fastener body. Thus, not only is the locking ring incaptive association with the fastener body so as to provide aself-contained unit, but the locking ring is also simultaneouslymaintained in preset alignment with the fastener body and the workpiececounterbore, thereby facilitating the installation of the fastener unit.

FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged view of FIG. 1 showing the relativeassociation of the features of the looking ring 30 with the head portion28 of the fastener 24.

In FIG. 3, the fastener 24 of FIG. 1 is shown fully installed inworkpiece 19. The fastener body 25 is threaded in bore 21 of workpiece19 and locking ring 30 has been longitudinally displaced by theapplication of an axial force thereon which can be provided by a tool orthe like adapted therefor. By application of the aforesaid axial force,external flange serrations 32 are thereby embedded in surface ofworkpiece 19, and the inwardly extending projections 34 carried by thelooking ring 30 are simultaneously displaced in a longitudinal directionbeing guided in said direction by the engagement of said projections 34with the serrations 29 (shown in dashed lines) carried by the fastenerhead.

When external flange serrations 32 are embedded into surface 20 ofworkpiece 19, the workpiece material is accommodated into the voidsbetween said serrations 32 thereby prohibiting rotational movement oflocking ring 30 relative to the bore 21 of workpiece 19. In addition,the workpiece material thus accommodated is coldworked and hardened,thereby creating greater resistance to subsequent torque force.

The engagement of projections 34 with serrations 29 of head 28 alsoprohibits rotation of body relative to locking ring and workpiece 19.Thus, the threaded connection of the fastener body 25 with threaded bore21 of the workpiece, and the engagement of the internal longitudinalserrations 33 of locking ring 30 with the external serrations 29 of thefastener head 28, coact in conjunction with the simultaneous embeddingof the external flange serrations 32 of locking ring 30 into theworkpiece surface to provide a fastener securely locked in a workpieceagainst rotational and axial displacement.

The locking ring of FIGS. 1-3 is more clearly illustrated in FIG. 4. Thelocking ring 30 is provided with an outwardly projecting flange 31having serrations 32. The locking ring is further provided with internalserrations 33 having inwardly extending projections 34 forming stepshoulder 34a. As hereinabo-ve described, the flange serrations 32 andthe internal serrations 33 coact with the workpiece material and thefastener body, re spectively, to lock the fastener into the workpiecebore against subsequent rotational movement.

The enlarged plan view of the locking ring 30 shown in FIG. 5illustrates the relationship of the internal serrations 33 and theextending projections 34.

It should be noted that the inwardly extending projections 34 carried bylocking ring 30 are substantially fully contoured serrations, whereasinternal serrations 33 are truncated and longitudinally superimposed onprojections 34, thereby forming a step shoulder 34a. Consequently, theroots and side walls of the projections 34 lie in the same plane asthose of serrations 33.

In FIG. 6, the enlarged top plan view of the fastener head 28 clearlyshows the root web 36 located in the roots 38 of head serrations 29. Theinternal extending projections 34 are nested in the retainer cavityformed by web 36 and corresponding web 3 7 spaced therefrom within theroots 3 8 of the serrations 29 prior to the axial displacement of thelocking ring 36 into its locked position, as illustrated in FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is an illustration of a stud type fastener made according to theprinciples of the present invention in which the fastener body,designated. generally by the numeral 3-9, is solid rather than tubular,and is provided with threads 40 and an integral longitudinallyprojecting shank 41. Shank 41 is provided with threads 42. The featuresassociated with this embodiment are in all respects similar to thoseassociated with the fastener of FIGS. 1-6, serrations 44 of body 39 areprovided with integral radial flange 43 having longitudinal peripheralserrations 44. Looking ring 45 is provided with an external radialflange 46 having external peripheral serrations 47. Locking ring 45 isalso provided with a plurality of internal longitudinal serrations 48having inwardly extending projections 49. As was the case with thefastener of FIGS. 1-6, serrations 44 of body 39 are provided withretainer cavities 56 formed by spaced radial Webs 51 and 52 positionedin the serration roots 53. The depth and width of web cavities areslightly greater than the radial length and height, respectively, of theinwardly extending projections 49 carried by locking ring 45. In wardlyextending projections 49 of locking ring 45, of the type hereinabovedescribed in FIGS. 1-6, engage the longitudinal serrations 44 of saidfastener. Said locking ring is thus prevented from axial disengagementfrom body 39 by the coaction of inwardly extending projections 49 withweb 51 of serrations 44.

FIG. 8 illustrates another embodiment resulting from a practice of themethod described in this invention in which the fastener body (notshown) has a head 54 which is provided with longitudinal peripheralserrations 55. Serrations 55 are not fully contoured, but are truncatedso as to provide outwardly extending projections 56. A flange 58, whichhas a plurality of external serrations 59 around the periphery thereof,is carried by locking ring 57. Looking ring 57 is further provided withinternal serrations 60 which are engageable with serrations 55 of head54. The internal periphery of the locking ring is provided with anannular groove 61 which has a radial diameter slightly greater than theradial diameter of the roots 66 of internal serrations 66 carried bylocking ring 57. The width and depth of annular groove 61 are slightlygreater than the height and radial length of projections 56,respectively, so that the projections are snugly accommodated in groove61. Thus, by virtue of the resilience of the material of the lockingring coacting with the nesting of projections 56 in annular groove 61,the locking ring 57 is maintained in tight association with head 54 in aprealigned and predetermined position with respect to the fastener bodyand the counterbore 63 in the workpiece 62. As illustrated, the lockingring in FIG. 8 is in its inoperative or unlocked position havingserrations 59 thereof seated on the surface of workpiece 62 with aportion of the body of the locking ring 57 accommodated withincounterbore 63.

In FIG. 9, locking ring 57 of FIG. 8 is shown axially displaced into itsoperative or fully locked position. Upon the application of an axialforce on surface 64 of locking ring 5 7, groove 61 is disengaged fromprojection 56. Simultaneously, the serrations 59 are embedded into thesurface of workpiece 62. The workpiece material contained in thecrevices between the serrations 59 will prevent rotational movement ofthe locking ring 57 with respect to the workpiece material. Sinceinternal serrations 60 of locking ring 57 are also engaged withserrations 55 of head 54 of the fastener body, the fastener body is alsoprevented from rotational movement with respect to the bore of workpiece62.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of head 54 of the fastener body taken online \101tl of FIG. 8 and illustrates the truncated configuration of theserrations (in dashed lines) in relationship to the projections 56carried thereby.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of ring 57 taken on line 11-11 of P16. 8which clearly shows the relationship of the annular groove 61 to theinternal serrations 68. As illustrated, the radial depth of the grooveis defined by wall 65 thereof (shown in dashed lines) and the arcuateplane passing through the roots 66 of serrations 60.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of a stud type fastener made according to theprinciples of the present invention. The fastener body, generallydesignated by the numeral 67, is solid and is provided with threads 68and an integral longitudinally extending shank 69 having threads 70thereon. The body 67 is provided with an annular flange 71 which haslongitudinally extending external serrations 72 around the peripherythereof. Serrations 72 do not have a full configuration but aretruncated so as to provide outwardly extending projections 73, as wasthe case in the embodiment of FIGS. 8-11. Locking ring 74 has a flange75 which is provided with external peripheral serrations 76. The lockingring is also provided with internal serrations 77 and an internalannular groove 78. The annular groove 78 has a radial diameter slightlygreater than the radial diameter of the roots 79 of internal serrations77. The width and depth of annular groove 78 are slightly greater thanthe height and radial length of projections 73, respectively.

As was the case in the embodiments of FIGS. 8-11, the resilience of thematerial of the locking ring 74, coaeting with the projection 73accommodated in annular groove 78, maintain the locking ring in tightassociation with flange 71 in a prealigned and predetermined positionwith respect to body 67 and the counterbore in the workpiece (not shown)in which the fastener would be threaded, As illustrated, the lockingring is in an inoperative or unlocked position prior to axialdisplacement thereof into its locked or operative position.

FIG. 13 illustrates still. another embodiment resulting from the methoddisclosed in this invention in which the fastener body (not shown) has ahead 80 which is provided with longitudinal peripheral serrations 81 andan annular groove 82 superimposed upon serrations 81. Annular groove 82has a radial diameter less than the radial diameter of an arcuate planepassing through roots 83 of serrations 81. The locking ring 84 has aradial flange 85 provided with peripheral serrations 86, and is shownrigidly secured to head 80 by means of internal radial projections 87which are accommodated in annular groove 82 carried by head 80. Internallongitudinal serrations 88 carried by locking ring 84 do not have a fullconfiguration, but are truncated so as to provide projections 87. Thewidth and radial depth of annular groove 82 are slightly greater thanthe height and radial length of projections 87, respectively, so thatthe projections are snugly accommodated in groove 82. In FIG. 13,locking ring 84 is shown in its inoperative or unlocked position priorto its axial displacement into its locked position. As illustrated,locking ring 84 is shown accommodated within the counterbore 90 of theworkpiece bore (not shown) so that the peripheral flange serrations 86are seated upon the surface of the workpiece 89.

FIG. 14 illustrates the embodiment of FIG. 13, wherein locking ring 84is axially displaced into the counterbore 90 of the workpiece borerelative to the fastener head 80 so that serrations 86 of said ring areembedded into the workpiece material upon the application of an axialforce on surface 91 of said locking ring 84. Simultaneously, projections87 are disengaged from annular groove 82. The workpiece material in thecrevices between serrations 86 of locking ring 84 prevent rotationalmovement of the locking ring relative to head 80. The interengagement ofinternal serrations 88 of the locking ring and serrations 81 of the head80 prohibits rotational movement of the head relative to the workpiecematerial 89.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of only the head 80 of the fastener bodytaken on line 1515 of FIG. 14 showing the relationship of the annulargroove 82 having a maximum radial diameter defined by wall 92 thereof.As hereinbefore described, the maximum radial diameter of groove 82 isless than the minimum diameter of an arcuate plane passing through theroots 83 of serrations 81.

FIG. 16 is a sectional view of locking ring 84 taken on line 16-16 ofFIG. 13 which clearly shows the truncated configuration of serrations 88of the locking ring 84 and the relationship of projections 82 extendingtherefrom.

FIG. 17 shows a stud type fastener made in accordance with theprinciples of the invention, wherein the fastener body 93 is solid andis provided with external threads 94, and an integral longitudinallyextending projecting shank 95 which carries threads 96. Body 93 iprovided with an annular flange 97 which has longitudinal serrations 98extending around the periphery thereof. Flange 97 is further providedwith annular groove 99 which has a radial diameter less than the radialdiameter of an arcuate plane passing through roots 100 of serrations 98.Rigidly secured to serrations 98 is a locking ring 101 having a flange102 and external peripheral serrations 103. Ring 101 is further providedwith truncat d internal serrations 104 so as to provide inwardlyextending projections 105. The width and radial depth 015 annular groove99 are slightly greater than the height and radial length of projections105, respectively. Locking ring 101 is shown in its inoperative orunlocked position prior to axail displacement thereof. In all respects,the embodiment of FIG. 17 is similar to that of the embodiment describedin FIGS. 13-16.

Another embodiment resulting from a practice of the invention isillustrated in FIG. 18 in which the fastener body (not shown) has a head106 which is provided with longitudinal, external, peripheral serrations107. Serrations 107 are provided with a radial web 108 positioned in theroots 189 of external serrations 107. A flange 110, having a pluralityof external serrations 111 around the periphery thereof, is carried bylocking ring 112. Locking ring 112 is further provided with internalserrations 113 which are engageable with serrations 107 of head 106. Theinternal periphery of the locking ring is provided with an annulargroove or cavity 114 having a radial diameter less than the radialdiameter of roots 115 of internal serrations 113 carried by locking ring112. The width and radial depth of annular groove 114 are slightlygreater than the thickness and radial length of web 108, r spectively,so that the web is snugly accommodated in groove 114. Thus, the lockingring 112 is maintained in tight association with head 106 in aprealigned and predetermined position with respect to the fastener bodyand the counterbore 117 in workpiece 116 by virture of the resilience ofthe material of the locking ring 112 coacting with the internested web108 and annnular groove 114. As illustrated, the locking ring in FIG. 18is in its operative or unlocked position, having external serrations 111thereof seated on the surface of workpiece 116 with a portion of thelocking ring 112 accommodated within counterbore 117.

In FIG. 19, locking ring 112 of FIG. 18 is shown axially displaced intoits operative or fully locked position. Upon the application of an axialforce on the surface 118 of locking ring 112 groove 114 is disengagedfrom web 108. Simultaneously, the serrations 111 are embedded into thesurface of workpiece 116. The workpiece material contained in thecrevices between the serrations 111 will prevent rotational movement ofthe locking ring 112 with respect to the workpiece material. Sinceinternal serrations 113 of locking ring 112 are also engaged withexternal serrations 107 of head 106 of the fastener body, the fastenerbody is also prevented from rotational movement with respect to the boreof workpiece 116.

P10. 20 is an enlarged top plan view of the fastener 9 head 106 taken online 20-20 of FIG. 18 and clearly showing the root web 108 located inthe roots 109 of head serrations 107. Web 108 is accommodated in annulargroove 114 carried by locking ring 112 prior to the axial displacementof the locking ring into its locked position as illustrated in FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of locking ring 112 taken on line 21-21 ofFIG. 20 which clearly shows the relationship of the annular groove 114to the internal serrations 113. As illustrated, the radial depth of thegroove 114 is defined by wall 119 thereof (shown in dashed lines) andthe radial diameter of the crest 120 of the internal serrations 113.

FIG. 22 is an illustration of a stud type fastener made according to theprinciples of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21. The fastenerbody, generally designated by the numeral 121, is solid and is providedwith threads 122 and an integral longitudinally extending shank 123having threads 124 thereon. The body 121 is provided with an annularflange 125 which has longitudinal external serrations 126 around theperiphery thereof. As was the case in the embodiment of FIGS. 20 and 21,serrations 126 have a web 127 in the serration roots 128. Locking ring129 has a flange 130 which is provided with external peripheralserrations 131. The locking ring is also provided with internalserrations 1 32 and an internal annular groove 133 which has a radialdiameter less than the radial diameter of the roots 134 of internalserrations 132. The width and radial depth of annular groove 133 areslightly greater than the height and radial length of web 127,respectively.

As was the case in the embodiments of FIGS. 20 and 21, the resilience ofthe material of the locking ring 129, coasting with web 127 nested inannular groove 133, maintain the locking ring in tight association withflange 125 in a prealigned and predetermined position with respect tobody 121 and the counterbore in the workpiece (not shown) in which thefastener would be threaded. As illustrated, the locking ring 129 is inan inoperative or unlocked position prior to axial displace ment thereofinto its locked or operative position.

While several methods of making a nondisengageable, prealigned fastenerhave been described, it is, of course, understood that the particularinvention herein disclosed is for illustrative purposes only and thatvarious changes may be made therein without departing from theprinciples of the invention or the scope of the annexed claims.

We claim:

1. The method of making a threaded fastener having serrations on theperiphery of the body thereof and having an associated captive lockingring interconnected therewith, said locking ring being temporarilyrigidly secured to said fastener body and being in axial slidableengagement with the serrated portion thereof, comprising the steps of:

forming the external peripheral surface of a flat ring so as to providea radial flange outwardly projecting therefrom;

serrating the outermost edge of said outwardly projecting radial flange;

serrating the internal periphery of said ring so as to providelongitudinal internal serrations;

broaching said internal serrations of said ring so that a portionremains so as to provide inwardly extending projections thereon;

forming threads on the exterior of a cylindrical fastener body;

forming longitudinal serrations around the outer periphery of said bodyand simultaneously forming in the roots of said serrations, a pair ofhorizontal webs longitudinally spaced so as to form a cavitytherebetween;

positioning said ring onto said body so that the said inwardly extendingprojections and internal serrations carried by said ring are in alignedengagement with the serrated portion of said fastener body;

axially displacing said ring relative to said body until said inwardlyextending projections carried by said ring are tightly accommodated inthe cavity existing between said root webs.

2. The method of making a threaded fastener as described in claim 1,including the step of internally threading the cylindrical fastener bodyand wherein the external body serrations are formed at one end of saidbody.

3. The method of making a threaded fastener having serrations on theperiphery of the body thereof and having an associated captive lockingring interconnected therewith, said locking ring being temporarilyrigidly secured to said fastener body and being in axial slidableengagement with the serrated portion thereof, comprising the steps of:

forming the external peripheral surface of a flat ring so as to providea radial flange outwardly projecting therefrom;

serrating the outermost edge of said outwardly projecting radial flange;serrating the internal periphery of said ring so as to providelongitudinal internal serrations therein;

forming an internal annular groove through said internal ring serrationsso that the maximum radial diameter of said groove extends beyond theroot apexes of said internal serrations;

forl' jmin-g threads on the exterior of a cylindrical fastener forminglongitudinal serrations around the outer periphery of said body;

broaching said external body serrations so that a portion remains so asto provide outwardly extending projections thereon; positioning saidring onto said body so that the internal serrations of said ring are inaligned engagement with the serrated portion of said fastener body inthe outwardly extending projections carried thereby;

axially displacing said ring relative to said body until said outwardlyextending projections carried by said body serrations are tightlyaccommodated in the internal groove cavity provided by said ring.

4. The method of making a threaded fastener as described in claim 3,including the step of internally threading the cylindrical fastener bodyand wherein the external body serrations are formed at one end of saidbody.

5. The method of making a threaded fastener having serrations on theperiphery of the body thereof and having an associated captive lockingring interconnected threwith, said locking ring being temporarilyrigidly secured to said fastener body and being in axial slidableengagement with the serrated portion thereof, comprising the steps of:

forming the external peripheral surface of a flat ring so as to providea radial flange outwardly projecting therefrom;

serrating the outermost edge of said outwardly projecting radial flange;

serrating the internal periphery of said ring so as to providelongitudinal internal serrations;

broaching said internal serrations of said ring so that a portionremains so as to provide inwardly extending projections thereon;

forjming threads on the exterior of a cylindrical fastener forminglongitudinal serrations around the periphery of said body;

forming an external annular groove through said external serrations ofsaid body so that the radial depth of said groove extends beyond theroot apexes of said body serrations;

positioning said ring onto said body so that the inwardly extendingprojections and internal serrations carried by said ring are in alignedengagement with the serrated portion of said fastener body;

axially displacing said ring relative to said body until said inwardlyextending projections carried by said ring are tightly accommodated inthe external groove cavity carried by said body.

6. The method of making a threaded fastener as described in claim 5,including the step of internally threading the cylindrical fastener bodyand wherein the external body serrations are formed at one end of saidbody.

7. The method of making a threaded fastener having serrations on theperiphery of the body thereof and having an associated captive lockingring interconnected therewith, said locking ring being temporarilyrigidly secured to said fastener body and being in axial slidableengagement with the serrated portion thereof, comprising the steps of:

forming the external peripheral surface of a flat ring so as to providea radial flange outwardly projecting therefrom;

serrating the outermost edge of said outwardly projecting radial flange;

serrating the internal periphery of said ring so as to providelongitudinal internal serrations therein; forming an internal annulargroove through said internal ring serrations so that the maximum radialdiameter of said groove is less than the radial diameters of the rootapexes of said internal serrations;

forming threads on the exterior of a cylindrical fastener body;

simultaneously forming longitudinal serrations around the outerperiphery of said body and a horizontal web in the roots of saidserrations;

positioning said ring onto said body so that the internal serrations ofsaid ring are in aligned engagement with the serrated portion of saidfastener body and the horizontal web in the roots thereof;

axially displacing said ring relative to said body until said horizontalweb disposed in the roots of said body serrations are tightlyaccommodated in the internal groove cavity provided by said ring.

8. The method of making a threaded fastener as described in claim 7,including the step of internally threading the cylindrical fastener bodyand wherein the external body serrations are formed at one end of saidbody.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS LEONIDAS VLACI-IOS, PrimaryExaminer.

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PATENT OFFICE Washington, D.C. 20231 UNITEDSTATESKPATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE 6F CORRECTION Patent No. 3,404,415October 8, 1968 Jose Rosefn et a1 It is certified that error appears inthe above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are herebycorrected as shown below:

Column 6, line 14, "FIGS. l-6, serrations 44 of body 39 are providedwith" should read H FIGS. 1-6; The fastener body 39 is provided with anColumn 8, line 31, "axail" should read axial Column 10, line 51,"threwith" should read therewith Signed and sealed this 24th day ofFebruary 1970.

(SEAL) Attest:

Edward M. Fletcher, Jr. JR. Attesting ()fficer Commissioner of Patents

